What is Orofacial Myology?

About Orofacial Myofunctional Disorders

Children, teenagers, and adults may suffer from Oromyofuncitonal Disorders (OMDS). OMDS may interfere with normal growth and development of the muscles and bones of the face and mouth. Oromyofuncitonal Disorders may also interfere with how the muscles of the face and mouth are used for eating, talking, and breathing. People who have an Oromyofuncitonal Disorders may also have problems with talking, swallowing, and breathing through their nose. Some children push out their tongue when they talk, drink, or eat. This is called tongue thrusting or fronting, and it is one type of Oromyofuncitonal Disorder.

Signs and Symptoms

Just because a person has some or all of these symptoms does not mean that they have an OMD.

Some signs of an Oromyofuncitonal Disorder may include the following:

• Someone who always breathes through the mouth or has difficulty breathing through the nose.
• Limited tongue movement.
• Eating may be messy or difficult. Keep in mind that it is normal for babies to stick their tongue out and push food out of their mouth. Over time, they do this less.
• An overbite, underbite, and/or other dental problems.
• The tongue pushing past the teeth, even when a person is not talking or using the tongue.
• Difficulty saying some sounds, like “s” in “sun,” “sh” in “ship,” or “j” in “jump.”
• Drooling, especially beyond age 2.
• Difficulty closing the lips to swallow.

Causes

There is not a known, single cause of Oromyofuncitonal Disorders. OMDs may be caused by several factors:

• Blocked nasal passages because of tonsil size or allergies. When the nasal passages are blocked, people may need to breathe through their mouth instead.
• Anything that causes the tongue to be misplaced at rest or makes it difficult to keep the lips together at rest.
• Tongue or Lip Tie
• Sucking and chewing habits past the age of 3 years.
• Seeing a Professional
• Testing for an Orofacial Myofunctional Disorder (OMD)

• You may see a few professionals to find out if your child has an OMD. These professionals may include: a dentist; an orthodontist; a doctor; and/or an or SLP.
• Your dentist and orthodontist will look at your child’s teeth and how their jaw moves. Doctors can test for allergies and check your child’s tonsils and adenoids. SLPs test your child’s speech and look at how they eat, drink, and breathe.

Speech-Language Pathology Treatment for Orofacial Myofunctional Disorders

After breathing problems are medically evaluated and treated, SLPs can help your child do the following:

• Bring awareness to their mouth and facial movements.
• Know where their tongue and mouth muscles are when they speak, drink, and eat.
• Say sounds more clearly.
• Change how they chew and swallow.
• Practice different breathing patterns